Overview
Gasoline, also known as petrol or motor spirit, is a refined petroleum distillate widely used as fuel for spark-ignition internal combustion engines. It is a volatile, flammable liquid designed to provide high-energy combustion with controlled volatility and optimized ignition properties. Modern gasoline is typically blended with performance additives and, in many regions, bio-components such as ethanol to meet environmental and efficiency standards.

Technical Characteristics

• Grade: Automotive Gasoline (Unleaded, Regular, Premium)
• Appearance: Clear to light amber liquid
• Density @ 15°C: 0.720–0.775 kg/L
• Octane Rating:
  • RON (Research Octane Number): 91–98 (regional variants: Regular, Mid-grade, Premium)
  • MON (Motor Octane Number): Minimum 82
• Sulfur Content:
  • Ultra-Low Sulfur Gasoline: ≤ 10 ppm (EU standard)
  • ≤ 30 ppm (U.S. EPA Tier 3 standard)
• Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP): 45–60 kPa (seasonal variations)
• Oxygen Content: Max 2.7% by weight (typically via ethanol or ETBE blending)
• Aromatics: ≤ 35% by volume
• Benzene Content: ≤ 1.0% by volume
• Distillation Range: 35°C (initial boiling point) to ~210°C (final boiling point)
• Flash Point: Typically below −40°C (closed cup)

Specifications & Standards

• ASTM D4814 (U.S. Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel)
• EN 228 (European Standard for Unleaded Petrol)
• EPA Tier 3 and Euro 6 emission compliance

Applications

• Automotive Fuel: Primary energy source for passenger cars, motorcycles, and light vehicles with spark-ignition engines
• Small Engines: Power for generators, scooters, boats, and garden equipment
• Industrial/Commercial: Used in specialty applications requiring high-volatility fuel

Performance Advantages

• High Energy Density: ~44 MJ/kg, enabling efficient power-to-weight ratios in vehicles
• Octane-Rated Grades: Allows for optimized performance across engine types (Regular, Mid-grade, Premium)
• Clean Combustion: Low-sulfur and ethanol blends reduce particulate and NOx emissions
• Cold Start Reliability: Controlled volatility ensures ignition even in low temperatures

Handling & Storage

• Highly volatile and flammable; requires strict safety procedures during transport and storage
• Store in sealed, vapor-tight tanks to minimize evaporation and prevent contamination
• Avoid long-term storage due to potential oxidation and gum formation

Compliance & Testing

• Verified under ASTM, EN, and ISO testing standards for octane number, volatility, and sulfur content
• Typically supplied with third-party Q&Q inspection reports (SGS, CIQ, Intertek) confirming quality at loading port

‍